The foundation passages — Genesis 1
Genesis 1:6–8 · The firmament
"And Elohim said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. And Elohim made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so. And Elohim called the firmament Heaven."
Hebrew: raqia — a hammered-out solid expanse, from the root raqa meaning to spread out by beating. The same word is used in Job 37:18 for the sky being "as strong as a molten looking-glass."
Plainly: the firmament is a solid structure. Waters above it. Waters below.
Genesis 1:14–17 · The lights inside the firmament
"Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven... And Elohim set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth."
Plainly: the sun, moon, and stars are placed inside the firmament — not at unimaginable distances beyond it.
The earth's foundations and pillars
Job 38:4–6 · Foundations and sockets
"Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare, if thou hast understanding. Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest? or who hath stretched the line upon it? Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened? or who laid the corner stone thereof."
Plainly: the earth has foundations. It has sockets. It has a corner stone. Spheres have none of these.
1 Samuel 2:8 · The pillars of the earth
"The pillars of the earth are Yahuah's, and he hath set the world upon them."
Compare Job 9:6 — "Which shaketh the earth out of her place, and the pillars thereof tremble." Earthquakes shake what the earth rests upon. Full study →
Psalm 104:5 · The earth doesn't move
"Who laid the foundations of the earth, that it should not be removed for ever."
Plainly: the earth was placed and will not be moved. Heliocentrism requires constant motion at ~67,000 mph through space, plus rotation.
1 Chronicles 16:30 · The world is stable
"Fear before him, all the earth: the world also shall be stable, that it be not moved."
Psalm 93:1 · Established and immovable
"The world also is stablished, that it cannot be moved."
The sun moves, not the earth
Psalm 19:4–6 · The sun's circuit
"In them hath he set a tabernacle for the sun, which is as a bridegroom coming out of his chamber, and rejoiceth as a strong man to run a race. His going forth is from the end of the heaven, and his circuit unto the ends of it: and there is nothing hid from the heat thereof."
Plainly: the sun has a tabernacle (a dwelling). It comes out, runs, and returns. The earth does the moving in modern cosmology; the Bible reverses this.
Ecclesiastes 1:5 · The sun goes down and hastens back
"The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he arose."
Joshua 10:12–14 · The sun stood still
"Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon... So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day."
The miracle is described as the sun stopping its motion. Full study →
The shape of the earth — flat, with ends and corners
Isaiah 40:22 · The circle (chug) of the earth
"It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers."
Hebrew: chug — a flat disc-shaped circle. The Hebrew word for sphere or ball is dur (Isaiah 22:18). The text uses the disc word, not the sphere word. Full study →
Daniel 4:10–11 · The tree visible to the ends of the earth
"I saw, and behold a tree in the midst of the earth, and the height thereof was great. The tree grew, and was strong, and the height thereof reached unto heaven, and the sight thereof to the end of all the earth."
Plainly: a tree visible to the end of all the earth requires a flat plane. A sphere obstructs all visibility past about 80 miles, regardless of height.
Matthew 4:8 · All the kingdoms from one high mountain
"Again, the devil taketh him up into an exceeding high mountain, and sheweth him all the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them."
Plainly: not possible on a sphere. Possible only with line-of-sight across a flat plane.
Revelation 7:1 · The four corners
"And after these things I saw four angels standing on the four corners of the earth, holding the four winds of the earth."
Compare Isaiah 11:12 and Revelation 20:8 — both reference four corners. Spheres do not have corners.
The dome with windows
Genesis 7:11 · The windows of heaven
"The fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened."
Malachi 3:10 · The windows of heaven (used again)
"I will... open you the windows of heaven, and pour you out a blessing, that there shall not be room enough to receive it."
The dome metaphor is consistent across both Testaments.
Job 37:18 · The sky as a molten mirror
"Hast thou with him spread out the sky, which is strong, and as a molten looking glass?"
Plainly: the sky is strong — solid — and reflects like a polished mirror.
What this survey shows
The text is consistent: a flat plane, foundations, pillars, a stationary earth, a moving sun and moon, a solid dome above with waters beyond. Every Old Testament author and every New Testament author who touches the topic uses the same vocabulary.
To read all of this as poetry requires explaining why the inspired text uses no other vocabulary anywhere. The plain reading explains it.